Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 1877

Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 1877 Introduction The late nineteenth century is considered by many historians as the age of great deflation. Nearly all places around the globe particularly in Europe marked this time as the period of economic turn down. Nevertheless, America had it differently.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 1877-1900 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During this period the average yearly income growth for the Americans doubled. This increase in was accelerated by the industrial growth especially in the steel industry. This industrial growth created more wealth than any other time in the history of America. Growth of steel industry The industrial growth came with popularity of factories that marked the American industrial revolution. Prior to 1877 factories were known only to be producing goods characteristically of the old artisan. The beginning of 1877 saw the turn in industrial productions. Factories began producing capital good that hugely contributed to the national productive capacity1. Steel production was one such capital good productive enterprise. Steel replaced iron which was then considered to be ineffective in the making of rail as well as in industrial usage. The introduction of steel manufacture was attributed to Henry Bessemer who invented the Bessemer converter. The converter was a large furnace that was designed in such a way that it could easily refine raw pig iron to steel2. This potential was fully exploited by Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie arrived in America from Scotland in 1848 aged twelve. He spent most of his early years as a telegraph operator, working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Carnegie quickly rose up the managerial ladder and amassed his fortunes during the war speculations. He first became an iron manufacturer before establishing a huge steel mill near Pittsburgh in 1872. The Carnegie steel mill became the pioneer of any other steel mill in the 1870s through to 1900. The steel mill had a Bessemer converter as the center piece of its production.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was seen as advancement as the mill run constantly. Besides its technological advancements, raw materials in form of mineral were also abundant. This ensured that the steel mills operated at full capacity3. The northern Minnesota iron ore deposits and the Appalachian coal deposits were major sources of raw materials needed by the steel industry. Railroad However with discovery of steam engines, huge quantities of coal were to be consumed by railroads and factories. Steam engines were then the major national energy workhorse. In 1880s, the continuous rotating turbines was invented. These turbines were more efficient than the steam engines and were therefore used to produce electricity. This completed the energy revolution during that tim e. The energy revolution that led to the production of huge quantities of electricity contributed o the enhanced production of capital good. This was also the time of railroad boom. Prior to the civil war, America was still reeling under the water travels technologies. There was no feeling for the need to expand beyond the water ways travel. However when the rail road was first introduced, it immediately became popular. Transportation was made efficient; moreover, people could travel throughout the year. Furthermore, huge bulk of good could now be moved easily in inland places far away from the water ways. The major problem was the cost of building the railways. Both the state and federal governments considered building the railway to be very costly. Contrary to canals, the rail road building was left in the hand of the private sector or as a free enterprise by the federal government. However the government still played a huge role in the building of the railway both in terms of pol icy regulations and financing. In most cases the federal or state governments could buy the rail construction bonds with an aim of funding the building of the railway. Often, the governments could offer grants or the railway construction loans in form of bonds which they could still buy and have a larger stake4.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 1877-1900 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The running and managing the railway system was left on the hands of corporations that were formed by the railway constructors and operators. Besides the administrative role, the corporation has to ensure that the capital was pooled in huge amounts for the construction of the railway. However, the dilemma of the railway owners was that they only had a limited liability on the amount of money they invested. The new legal entity, the railways corporation, ensured that the private entrepreneurs got the most of their investment in the railway system. Despite the railway corporation good administrative intentions, the rail road building companies were notoriously corrupt. About half of the railway construction money was pocketed by the promoters of these companies. Trade unionism The growth of industries could not have without the rise of workers unions and activism industries were being accused of exploiting workers. Trades unions that fought for the rights of workers sprung up and rapidly spread. However the contribution of industry to the general economy was enormous. Bibliography Fernlund, Kevin. Documents to Accompany Americas History, Volume 2: Since 1865. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010. Henretta, James, and David Brody. America: A Concise History Since 1877. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010. Footnotes 1 James Henretta and Brody David. America: A Concise History Since 1877. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 213-245Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2 James Henretta and Brody David. America: A Concise History Since 1877. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 213-245 3 James Henretta and Brody David. America: A Concise History Since 1877. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 213-245 4 Kevin Fernlund. Documents to Accompany Americas History, Volume 2: Since 1865. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010), 237

Thanksgiving -- Social Science Facts about the Holiday

Thanksgiving Social Science Facts about the Holiday Thanksgiving is the happiest day in the U.S., according to a report from Facebooks Data Science team. This result came out of a 2009 study the social science giant conducted on happiness as measured by the word content of posts by its users. To conduct the study researchers counted positive versus negative words in status updates, and created a scale to measure which days are happier than others. Thanksgiving far outranked any other day of the year in terms of what they call Gross National Happiness. In fact, it outranked the average day by about 25 points on the scale and outranked Christmas- the second happiest day- by about 11 points. But does this really mean that Thanksgiving is the happiest day? Not necessarily. Given that what we share on social media is in large part influenced by social expectations and crowd behavior, its possible that Thanksgiving is actually the day when the greatest number of us perform happiness. Either way, its a nice thing, isnt it? Women Are Most Thankful for Friends, Family, and Health What are people most thankful for? Facebook has the answer for that too. During 2014 a gratitude challenge made the rounds on the site. Users who participated posted daily for upwards of a week about things that they were grateful for, and asked others to do the same. Facebooks Data Science team took the widespread popularity of the challenge as an opportunity to study what it is that people are most grateful for. They found some interesting results. Firstly, and importantly, they found that 90 percent of those who participated in the challenge were women, so what the study really tells us is what  women  are grateful for. So what is that? In order of rank:  friends, family, health, family and friends, a job, a husband, children, housing, life, and music. Analysis of how users participated in the challenge also revealed that while people are thankful for friends across age groups, older users are most likely to list spouse and family as more important (based on order of rank) than friends. It is perhaps unsurprising that people are most grateful for those closest to them, and for feeling healthy and well. Where the data get really interesting are at the state level. People in California and Virginia are more grateful for YouTube than people in other states, while Google is prized by those in Kansas, Netflix in New Hampshire, and Pinterest in Vermont. The challenge revealed that gratitude for god and religion are common in the southern states, and in Idaho and Utah. Finally, gratitude for seasonal weather patterns and phenomena like rainbows were common across many states too. Thanksgiving is Less Expensive Today than Two Decades Ago (Unless Youre a Gourmet Foodie) Every year since 1985 the American Farm Bureau Federation has calculated the cost of a Thanksgiving meal for ten people. While nominally that number has risen from $28.74 in 1986 to $50.11 in 2015, the real cost of a Thanksgiving meal has actually  declined  since 1986 when one accounts for inflation. Its actually about 20 percent cheaper today than it was nearly two decades ago. Why is this the case? Its likely due to a combination of government subsidies to large-scale farming operations, and the low cost of produce imported from Central and South America, thanks to NAFTA, CAFTA, and other free trade agreements. That is, of course, unless youre a hipster or a gourmet foodie. In those cases, as Time  estimated in 2014, the added value of an organic, free-range, or heritage turkey, and organic, locally-sourced vegetables and dairy will run upwards of $170 to $250 for that party of ten.

Assignmentweek5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignmentweek5 - Assignment Example The employee training that is derived from the client’s needs is useful in addressing customers concerns. Being the boss, I believe that the buck stops with me. During the training, I will tell employees that the importance of feedback mechanism is to get an opportunity to learn from our challenges and weakness with the view of offering better services to the customers. It also informs us on how we can remain competitive and easily beat our competitors (Stacey, 1996). Focus groups involves gathering of between 6-8 persons from the target market guided with a moderator and have them share their ideas, feelings and attitudes about a subject. Some of the advantages includes; cost effective when gathering primary data, easily to build on others ideas and makes it easier in getting the idea of the target market. The disadvantage is that it can only gather opinions on ideas and concepts and not how people can best use the designs. They can be used when attempting to develop something new but not sure on how people might react and also when one has no or little knowledge about the target market. They could however go wrong when an idea of a vocal person overrides other participant’s ideas besides, it can go wrong when quantitative data is required (Stacey,

Aviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen Case Study

Aviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen - Case Study Example This pragmatic and preventive practice had been discontinued. An illustration of this change was the failure to interrogate the Christmas Day bomber. This individual had been provided with a lawyer and informed that he was entitled to remain silent (Thiessen, 2011, p. 133). Aggressive interrogation of terrorists is essential for obtaining information about future terrorist attacks. Consequently, the Obama Administration’s reluctance to engage in such interrogation has rendered the nation vulnerable to terrorist attacks. There is a major lacuna in the strategy of the US. It relies upon Yemen to assist it in identifying and neutralizing al Qaeda terrorists. However, the Yemeni government employs, harbors and relies upon these terrorists for political support and perhaps even its very existence. There is a marked reluctance among the Yemeni authorities to wage a serious war against the al Qaeda terrorists, who reside in their country (Rollins, 2010, p. 12). It was discovered by the National Commission on Terrorists Attacks Upon the United States that the weaknesses inherent in the aviation security system had been used by the al Qaeda terrorists to conduct the September 11 attacks. Some of the weaknesses identified by this commission were first, a preliminary screening process that concentrated upon identifying likely aircraft bombers (Elias, 2004). However, this process had ignored potential hijackers. Second, slipshod screening at checkpoints and the prevalence of permissive rules with regard to small knives. Third, the absence of in-flight security measures, such as the presence of air marshals and reinforced cockpit doors. Fourth, the adoption of a non – confrontational strategy, across the industry, while addressing hijackers. Fifth, the absence of capabilities and protocols for executing a synchronized Federal Aviation Administration and military response to suicidal hijackers and multiple hijackings (Elias, 2004).  

Recreation and Sports Essay Example for Free

Recreation and Sports Essay Parenting, how hard could it be? Well, it is tricky and difficult. We wouldnt know because we havent experienced it yet, so we tend to underestimate it. We, as kids dont know the amount of time, and patience it takes to raise children. There are different methods and types when it comes to it. How kids turn out to be, depends on what kind of parenting they received while growing up. Today I will be talking about parenting, but mainly sensitive parenting, it is the key to successful parenting. Sensitive parenting, is one of the best methods to raise your child, children who receive sensitive parenting, develop secure attachments with their parents, which means the children will be close to their parents but on a healthy level. Also, kids who receive sensitive parenting develop insights into other peoples feelings, needs and thoughts. Those kids also have better self-control, attention, higher school achievements and confidence. Self-confidence is a very important treat in a individual. Confidence gives the kid a secure feeling, that they are capable of doing what they believe in, and achieving their goals. They will also, be cooperative with others. This is what sensitive parenting gives to children, it is the key to raising good, confident, secure kids. In order to apply good parenting methods, one should stick to a routine strategy. Kids thrive on predictability, so it is important to do the same thing on daily basis. This strategy will give you and your kid more free time. Kids are happier and less irritable on a schedule. For example, feed them and put them to bed at a specific time everyday. Also, have some time for fun, make this time just for relaxing, for the whole family. Education is one the most important things in our present life, to get your kid used to learning you must start teaching them some educational things at home. You can do this by creating entertaining methods of learning, therefore your kid will not get bored and will actually like it. Respect should be returned by both parent and child. In order for you to do so, you will need to share with them some of the decisions we take on daily basis. This will not only make them respect you and love you more but it will also give them a sense of responsibility. At last be your kids friend, dont just be a parent, but actually try getting closer to them and befriending them. This will let them grow up to be well rounded individuals, because of their parents. Not in spite of them. Finally, I advise people to be patient when it comes to raising kids, especially now days. As i have mentioned before try earning your kids respect, give them responsible sensitive parenting, and stick to routines because it will help a lot. The family teaches us about the importance of knowledge, education, hard works and effort. It teaches us about enjoying ourselves, having fun, keeping fit and healthy. - Kamisese Mara.

Arguments Against Distance Learning :: Teaching Education

There have been many critics that strongly advocate against the use of distance learning in elementary schools. With the increased availability and choice of new technology, comes many new concerns about the quality of instruction and the threat it may pose to the already established methods of teaching. Many believe that this new teaching method may replace the existing classroom all together, and won’t give students the adequate face-to-face contact they need. Most critics fear that â€Å"ineffective face-to-face teaching methods could be made even worse when they become technology based† (Truell, 2001, p46). The computer and internet have become dominant distance learning technologies, and hold the potential to take away from the human aspect of learning, so students do not learn the proper social skills they need to develop early on. Children need to learn to interact with one another, and function properly in a social setting, they learn this primarily within the classroom, and if these classroom settings are altered by distance learning, then they will no learn how to function in the normal social school setting. Many critics also say that all schools do not have the appropriate technological support and infrastructure to make distance learning programs effective for students. Since all schools do not have the tools and financial means needed to establish and support effective distance learning programs, they would not be able to keep up with the advancing technology in education, and therefore their students would not receive the same advantages as other students in the schools around them (Ravaglia & Sommer, 2000). Greenwood (1998) states that schools using distance learning are just contracting out their educational responsibilities and that such courses result in the elimination of teaching jobs. He feels that by using distance learning to teach students, they are minimizing the teacher’s job of actually teaching the stud ents and designing lesson plans, and therefore slowly eliminating the need for teachers in the classroom at all. It is thought that there is more emphasis being placed on teaching than learning, and as a consequence schools are using distance education as merely a means to extend the classroom walls . While the critics of distance learning feel that this is just a way for schools to educate students, and relieve themselves of their responsibilities, there has been even more substantial evidence that these programs improve the elementary curriculum, rather than replace it altogether.

Marketing Make Up

There are several marketing approaches that can be used to launch a new product in the market. However, there are also some advantages and disadvantages which can be incurred while putting a definite advertising strategy into action. One type of marketing is called the USP or the Unique Selling Proposition. This aims to present the uniqueness of the product which other commodities do not have. The main advantage of such process can be attributed by setting apart the make up brand’s features and effects to one’s visual appeal. An additional or breakthrough substance can be realized for marketing attraction. However, the main disadvantage is that the product’s effect can vary from person to person. It is possible that there will be a group of consumers who will not be able to acquire the brand’s promise and may end up tarnishing the credibility of the brand. Another type of advertising technique is called Comparative Advertising. The process involves the acquisition of another brand name with the same product line up and comparing its quality and features side by side with the brand being advertised. This can be a very good approach in catching the attention of the consumers since the ready made features of the products can be observed in a form of testing. However, there can also be issues wherein consumers may realize that if they are getting the same characteristics of the product, then most likely brand will not be a factor but consequently the market price. Fear appeal is commonly used in relaying the consequential pattern of events if no reliable product is available. Because of such effect, the consumers will be forced to purchase a marketed item because of their anxiety experiences as pictured in the advertisement. The major attribute here is to arouse the consciousness of the viewers to change their attitude in buying and divert their attention to the brand being advertised (Associated Content, 2007). On the negative aspect, the advertiser will not have any clue whether the consumers will alternatively change their buying habits in favor of the brand. Since different perception and individual opinions will be involved, it can be very difficult to identify whether the people who will see the advertisement will get the intended message. Using a celebrity endorsement can also be one of the most effective ways to advertise a make up brand. Apparently, celebrities can easily attract buyers because of their reputation status in the entertainment industry. The more popular the actress is, the higher the probability that the masses will believe her position in using the make up brand. One grave consequence of this however can be on the part of investment cost. Since these individuals will require an enormous talent fee, a huge decision making process should be implemented by the advertiser. A slice of life ad is a technique in which situations with problems are presented to be solved using the product. Usually, these ads are too dramatic that audiences will be able to impart and relate their personal experiences (Answers, 2007). This can help the brand name to completely interact on the personal feelings of the consumers. One possible negative effect can be realized due to the limitation of the scope. Of course, not all people will be able to consider the situations presented in the advertisement to be factually true. The form of advertising in the essence of sex appeal is also used for many cosmetic and personal care brands. Since the make up industry primarily targets the female populace, different strategies of projecting the highest levels of sex appeal are instrumented. One good approach is to present and ad which focuses on the physical characteristic of the model. This will become the standard of the viewing consumers which will help in making them buy the item. However, giving them (consumers) the idea of involving sex appeal considerations can easily lure them to purchase other product lines which may use more appealing models. Lastly, the humor approach in advertising can be used. In some cases, humorous advertising can make it very light for the viewers to accept the main advantages of using the product being advertised. However, it can also project a certain form of apathy since the advertisers or the brand itself may project non-professionalism which may affect their credibility. References Answers Corporation. 2007. Slice of Life. Answers.com. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.answers.com/topic/slice-of-life-advertisement?cat=biz-fin. Associated Content. 2007. Fear Appeal Messages and their Effectiveness in Advertising-Severin and Tankard. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/27813/fear_appeal_messages_and_their

Choices in Life Essay

Choices in life can be a very difficult thing. One decision in life can make or break your future. People can benefit from having many choices but having too many choices may also be bad. In the article â€Å"A Logical Choice† by Gary Belsky, he explains â€Å"They don’t realize that you can become paralyzed by too many choices and that increased options mean confusion.† (2) An important matter in life is the choice people have to make on where to attend college, what major you want to go into, and even enjoy the career you choose. Choosing the right college can be a difficult choice in someone’s life. Doing good in school can help someone’s decision on selecting a certain college. Every college is different and making the right choice is an important thing. Belsky states, â€Å"When it comes to choosing people are either maximizers or satisfiers.† (3) Maximizers will spend a lot of effort in searching for the top colleges for them to attend too. Satisfiers will try and find a college that is just good enough for them to do good in. When it comes to making a big decision, like choosing a college, it is always difficult making that decision by yourself. Finding someone to make that choice can always help, but you should always trust your own instincts. Trust your instincts and the right choice will come to you. When you make the decision to go to a certain college, it can help you get a good start in your career. College is the place that can help you start your career in the right direction. The career you choose makes your future the way it is. In order for you to be successful in your career, you need to go to the right college. Colleges have certain specialties they teach and choosing the right place can benefit you. Staying in college for a couple years can you help you be knowledgeable towards your career. College is just a place that helps you to become more successful for you to have a successful future and a stable life.

Plan for Project Implementation

Plan for Project Implementation Setting and Room Arrangement Due to the fact that the target audience include students originating from various cultures, it is highly important to invite all students into discussion with leaving no one to be unrecognized. In this respect, a cross-cultural approach should be introduced while forming class groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Plan for Project Implementation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In groups with students from different countries, there is a higher probability of exchanging experiences and acquiring knowledge on the specifics of copyright laws in India, Asia, and Japan. However, each lesson should be aimed at discussing a common topic that would reconcile all presented cultures. The best solution here will be analyzing the following topics: Introduction to copyright law; Basics definition of copyright laws; History and origins for copyright law; Discussing existing agreements, type of lic ensing, and assignments; Studying copyright with regard to traditional knowledge, economic development and authors as presented in the considered countries; Disparities between American copyright laws and the one established at the international level In addition to the above, the final lesson should focus on assessing students’ knowledge and experience in implementing and using U. S. copyright laws. The teacher’s main task here is to make students quickly accommodate to the mode of learning and learn the specifics of sites usage. Increase in motivation can also be achieved if students get more involved in the problems they should overcome as well as objectives teacher pursue. Audio-visual media platforms needed The project implementation should start with working out specific training courses for international students to freely utilize the created site. Particular emphasis will be placed on identifying the definition of copyright laws, reasons for studying this issu es, and consequences for copyright law infringement. This matter will be considered from an educational perspective to increase students’ academic awareness. The training course will be placed on the website so that everyone can access it freely. The lessons designed will involve overview of presentations, video, and audio materials and, therefore, students will need specific software enabling them to look through these lessons and presentations. In order to spark students’ interest in the subject and motivate them to learn more about this issue, online thematic forums will be organized where students will be able to discuss the most burning issues dedicated to the problem of copyright laws.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such an option will enable students to expand their knowledge on specific issues, gain experience through engaging in activities connected t o lifetime experience. In addition, cross-examination and online communication will also contribute to students understanding of disparities among copyright systems in different countries. It should be stressed that the usage of online presentations involves specific knowledge on building charts, diagrams, and tables. These principles should be conceived before proceeding with the actual study. Enhancing Students’ Computer Knowledge and Eliminating Problems with Knowledge Management In order to better handle the site designed for learning the basics of copyright laws, students should also acquire sufficient skills in managing software and other computerized equipment. Computer assisted instruction is crucial for drill-and-practice activities and for solving problems connected with computer technology. Advanced knowledge on communication technology will help students to facilitate their study and interaction with teachers and their peers. While evaluating knowledge management techniques, teachers should pay close attention to gaps each student has in terms of their level of understanding of computer essentials.

Sociology of Work and Industry

Sociology of Work and Industry No matter what society one lives in, all human beings depend on systems of production to survive. For people in all societies, productive activity, or work, makes up the largest part of their lives- it takes up more time than any other single type of behavior. Defining Work Work, in sociology, is defined as the carrying out of tasks, which involves the expenditure of mental and physical effort, and its objective is the production of goods and services that cater to human needs. An occupation, or job, is work that is done in exchange for a regular wage or salary. In all cultures, work is the basis of the economy or economic system. The economic system for any given culture is made up of the institutions that provide for the production and distribution of goods and services. These institutions may vary from culture to culture, particularly in traditional societies versus modern societies. In traditional cultures, food gathering and food production is the type of work occupied by the majority of the population. In larger traditional societies, carpentry, stonemasonry, and shipbuilding are also prominent. In modern societies where industrial development exists, people work in a much wider variety of occupations. Sociological Theory The study of work, industry, and economic institutions is a major part of sociology because the economy influences all other parts of society and therefore social reproduction in general. It doesn’t matter if we are talking about a hunter-gatherer society, pastoral society, agricultural society, or industrial society; all are centered around an economic system that affects all parts of society, not just personal identities and daily activities. Work is closely intertwined with social structures, social processes, and especially social inequality. The sociology of work goes back to the classical sociological theorists. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all considered the analysis of modern work to be central to the field of sociology. Marx was the first social theorist to really examine the conditions of work in factories that were popping up during the industrial revolution, looking at how the transition from independent craftwork to working for a boss in a factory resulted in alienation and deskilling. Durkheim, on the other hand, was concerned with how societies achieved stability through norms, customs, and traditions as work and industry changed during the industrial revolution. Weber focused on the development of new types of authority that emerged in modern bureaucratic organizations. Important Research Many studies in the sociology of work are comparative. For instance, researchers might look at differences in employment and organizational forms across societies as well as across time. Why, for example, do Americans work on average more than 400 hours more per year than those in the Netherlands while South Koreans work more than 700 hours more per year than Americans? Another big topic often studied in the sociology of work is how work is tied to social inequality. For instance, sociologists might look at racial and gender discrimination in the workplace. At the macro level of analysis, sociologists are interested in studying things such as occupational structure, the United States and global economies, and how changes in technology lead to changes in demographics. At the micro level of analysis, sociologists look at topics such as the demands that the workplace and occupations place on workers’ sense of self and identity, and the influence of work on families. References Giddens, A. (1991) Introduction to Sociology. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company. Vidal, M. (2011). The Sociology of Work. Accessed March 2012 from everydaysociologyblog.com/2011/11/the-sociology-of-work.html

Should Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Legalized Essay

Should Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Legalized - Essay Example Using drugs to cheat in sport is not new. It is just becoming more effective that makes it more attractive to athletes. The International Amateur Athletic Federation estimates that only 10–15% of participating athletes are tested in each major competition which explains many can get away with it (Clayton et al). The incentive also for the winner is just far too attractive to resist. This explains why it is virtually impossible to stop the athletes from taking performance enhancing drugs no matter how harsh the penalties would be. Also, there are drugs such as erythropoietin (EPO) and growth hormone which are also natural chemicals in the body. As nutrition technology advances, these drugs becomes harder to detect because they are like the natural drugs in the body that even if they are being tested, they will still come out as negative. Performance enhancing drugs only becomes more dangerous when they are banned because it can no longer be regulated. When performance enhancing drugs are banned, athletes and their handlers will likely get them in an unknown black market where they do not know whether such drug is safe or not. And instead of properly testing them for their safety, potency and proper use, athletes will instead rely on the trial and error of the use of performance enhancing drugs because they have to hide their use so that they will not be caught. This is a very dangerous practice because they do not know what they are doing. And this is the real risk in the use of performance enhancing drugs than the performance enhancing drugs themselves because they run the danger of taking too much, or taking the wrong drugs. This explains why we often hear athletes who died or suffered from performance enhancing drugs side effects because they do not know what they are doing. If performance enhancing drugs are regulated, the athletes can come out in the open to use the proper avenues for their safety, potency and proper use. Government and sport regulat ors on the other hand can test the safety and proper use of performance enhancing drugs and can dispense advises on their effects and their proper use. If there are side effects to a particular substance of a performance enhancing drugs, at least the athlete knows what he or she is taking and can prepare for remedial measure just in case something goes wrong in taking the performance enhancing drugs. This is safer because help can be had when something goes wrong compared to banning them altogether where athletes could not seek help in case of overdose or misuse for fear of being caught and penalized. And this is the danger of keeping it underground. Critiques of performance enhancing drugs argue that they are cheating because they are making themselves better than everyone else. And that it defeat the purpose of the sport because they would not know if the athlete is really that good without performance enhancing drugs and that it does not make sense to reward people who are cheati ng (Debate.org). This argument however can easily be debunked by the purpose of the sport which is really to be better than competitors. That instead of depriving the opportunity to be better with the help of drugs, it would be safer to make it available to everybody in a regulated and safe manner and see how far can everybody go. Undue advantage only makes it cheating when not all have the same chances of winning. Banning performance enhan